Chemical nature
Polyacrylamide, cationic modified emulsified in: aliphatic hydrocarbons, water.

Technical data
Physical form white emulsion
Particle size < 1 μm
Bulk density ~ 1.03 g/cm3
Ionic charge cationic
App.- viscocity 500 – 3500 mPa·s
Solid content 43 - 46 %
pH-value 3 - 6

This information only indicates a typical property of the product and MUST NOT be taken as specification.

Storage
Percol 540 should be stored in tightly closed containers and a cool dry place in a temperature range of 5 – 35 °C and should be homogenized without high shear force before use.
Storage stability: See specification data sheet.

Special feature
Percol 540 is supplied as emulsion polymer with excellent solubility.
Polyacrylamide derivates like Percol 540 are the basis of state of the art single, dual, multi component, Hydrocol® and Telioform® retention systems.

Areas of application
Retention and drainage aid for the manufacture of all paper and board grades. Also applied as a polymer flocculant for enhancing the efficiency of paper machine saveall systems.
Recommended in single, dual and multi component, Hydrocol®, reverse Hydrocol, post screen Hydrocol and Telioform® microparticle retention systems.
In order to achieve best performance, it is recommended to use Percol 540 as part of an optimized BASF system in combination with Hydrocol®, Polymin®, Catiofast® and/or Telioform® products.

Benefits
 Gives superior first pass retention of fines and mineral fillers in papermaking furnishes.
 Enhances drainage for energy savings in sheet forming, pressing and drying.
 Decreases white water solids to improve raw material yield and saveall efficiency.
 Improves paper machine output and runnability for maximum return on investment.
 Enhances wet-end colloidal retention leading to improved sizing and dye efficiency.
 Provides stable wet-end conditions to improve sheet uniformity and paper properties.
 Performs over a wide pH range.


Preparation of Primary Solution
To prepare a ready to use polymer solution it is recommended to use a suitable make-down equipment which provides a homogenous and lump free solution and a minimum holding time of 60 minutes.

Water for primary dilution
Ideally in a range of 15 – 35 ºC. Lower temperatures will require a longer stirring and mixing time. Higher temperatures will cause product hydrolysis and loss of efficiency.
Free of solids, free of color, free of transition metals and free of bleaching materials. High calcium hardness can accelerate the negative effects of other damaging materials or high temperature.

Storage of Primary Solution

After holding time the Primary Solution should be used as soon as possible and within 24 hours to avoid hydrolysis or bacterial/fungal growth and therefore a loss of effect.
Solutions with a pH of greater than 5 prepared with hard water are unstable, and their pH needs to be adjusted to 4 – 5 with sulphuric acid before they are stored for any length of time.

Preparation and Application
Designed for thin stock addition prior to sheet formation with a minimum of shear after dosage.
It is important to achieve a homogenized distribution of Percol 540 solution in the paper stock. This can be achieved by optimizing the speed differential between solution and stock or by choosing a suitable point of dosage.
BASF can provide recommendations for suitable preparation and metering solutions.

Usual addition rates
Retention systems: 0.01 – 0.2 % based on paper production tonnage
Recommended solution concentrations
Primary Solution: 0.5 – 1.0 % max.
Final Solution: 0.1 – 0.2 % max.

Preparation of Final Solution
To dilute the Primary Solution to final concentration suitable in-line mixing equipment such as a static mixing device or a mixing pump is recommended.

Water for final dilution
The quality of water used for final dilution is not as critical as that used for the Primary Solution preparation. The contact time should be limited and the flow should have sufficient velocity to maintain cleanliness in addition lines.
Warm water can be used.

Biocide treatment
All BASF flocculants are sterile as supplied, but polymer solutions can act as a growth medium for airborne and/or waterborne fungus/bacteria. Where this occurs, continuous addition of biocide is required. Only Isothiazoline based biocides are recommended, at an addition level of 1 – 2 ppm active on water volume. Any contaminated pipework should be replaced before the treatment is initiated.

Materials
According to our experience to date, stainless steel (AISI 316 Ti or AISI 321), polyester (Palatal® A 410), polyethylene (Lupolen®), polypropylene and rigid PVC can be used for tanks and pipework.